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Opto-electronic machine learning network for Kramers-Kronig receiver linearization.

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    We developed an opto-electronic network to linearize Kramers-Kronig (KK) receivers under challenging conditions. This generic solution significantly improves receiver performance and reduces bit error rates in optical communication systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Kramers-Kronig (KK) receivers can exhibit nonlinear behavior under stringent operating conditions like restricted sampling rates and low carrier powers.
    • Linearizing KK receivers is crucial for enhancing the performance of optical communication systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically demonstrate an opto-electronic network for linearizing KK receivers.
    • To evaluate two network configurations with varying electronic feedforward equalizer (FFE) placements.
    • To develop a generic linearization solution applicable across diverse short-reach links.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing an opto-electronic network composed of a photonic reservoir and an electronic feedforward equalizer (FFE).
    • Training the network on back-to-back systems to achieve a generic solution.
    • Testing the trained networks in a plug-and-play manner on various short-reach optical links.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed opto-electronic network effectively linearizes the KK receiver, even under stringent conditions.
    • Two network configurations were evaluated, demonstrating the feasibility of FFE placement.
    • A significant improvement in receiver linearity was achieved, leading to a bit error rate reduction of up to a factor of four.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed opto-electronic network offers a robust and generic solution for linearizing KK receivers.
    • This approach enhances receiver performance and is independent of specific link characteristics.
    • The method significantly improves the reliability of optical communication systems by reducing bit errors.