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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...

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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

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X-ray-driven multi-bit quantum random number generator.

Guangshen Lin, Huanbo Feng, Shizhuo Li

|November 14, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel multi-bit quantum random number generator using X-ray radiation. The device produces high-quality random numbers, enhancing security in cryptography and other applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

Quantum Physics
Cryptography
Photonics

Background:

Random numbers are crucial for secure communication and accurate simulations.
Existing random number generators face challenges in speed and true randomness.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a multi-bit quantum random number generator (QRNG) using X-ray radiation.
To achieve high-rate generation of certified random bits for advanced applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized a homemade multi-pixel single-photon detector array.
Extracted randomness from X-ray radiation's arrival time, spatial position, and polarization.
Employed Toeplitz Matrix Hashing for randomness distillation.

Main Results:

Generated 40.4 million random bits at a rate of 33.7 bits per photon.
The generated random numbers passed all National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical tests.
Demonstrated a novel method for multi-bit quantum random number generation.

Conclusions:

The X-ray-based QRNG offers a promising new approach for generating high-quality random numbers.
This technology can enhance security and reliability in cryptography, simulation, and gambling.
The study paves the way for future advancements in quantum random number generation.