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    This study introduces a new quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) method that improves key distribution rates and scalability. The source-independent QCKA scheme offers enhanced security for quantum networks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Quantum Cryptography
    • Network Security

    Background:

    • Entanglement-based Quantum Conference Key Agreement (QCKA) faces limitations in key rate and scalability due to challenges in multi-photon entanglement distribution.
    • Existing QCKA protocols struggle with high-fidelity preparation and long-distance distribution, hindering practical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel source-independent QCKA scheme to overcome the limitations of entanglement-based QCKA.
    • To enhance the key rate and scalability for secure conference key distribution in quantum networks.
    • To provide unconditional security against coherent attacks.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a source-independent QCKA scheme using the post-matching method, compatible with existing entangled photon pair distribution networks.
    • Introduced an equivalent protocol for distributing virtual multi-photon entanglement.
    • Analyzed security against coherent attacks and evaluated performance in a symmetry star network.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed QCKA scheme significantly improves the conference key rate from O(η^n) to O(η^2) compared to previous n-photon entanglement protocols, where η is the transmittance.
    • Simulation results demonstrate a multi-order magnitude performance advantage over existing methods, especially over intercity distances.
    • The protocol provides unconditional security guarantees even under coherent attacks.

    Conclusions:

    • The source-independent QCKA scheme offers a practical and scalable solution for secure conference key distribution.
    • This approach significantly enhances key rates and performance, paving the way for robust quantum networks.
    • The protocol shows strong potential for implementation in future intercity quantum communication systems.