Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR), which presents symptoms like sneezing and a runny nose, is categorized as an upper respiratory condition of type 2. Recent progress in comprehending AR has revealed the significant role played by type 2 cytokines, specifically interleukin (IL)-13, IL-4, and IL-5. These cytokines are released by helper T cells 2 (Th2) and innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). ILC2s have the ability to interact with various immune cells and are essential in promoting both type 2 immune response and tissue repair, contributing to normal homeostatic functions within the body. This article presents a summary of the latest advancements in comprehending the activity of ILC2s, with particular emphasis on their potential role involvement in AR. It explores how they collaborate with Th2 cells to exacerbate nasal inflammation and interact with regulatory T cells (Tregs) to counteract the suppressive role mediated by Tregs during allergic inflammation. The significance of ILC2s in allergen-specific therapy is highlighted. A comprehensive understanding of ILC2s biology establishes a robust foundation for unraveling the pathogenesis of AR and devising innovative therapeutic approaches for its management.