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Test Cross01:39

Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
Test Cross01:39

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Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
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Experimental Designs

An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
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Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
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Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test01:09

Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test

The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
Cochran's Q Test01:17

Cochran's Q Test

Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square distribution,...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

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ACTIV trials: cross-trial lessons learned for master protocol implementation.

Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi1, Stacey J Adam2, Indira Brar3

  • 1Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science
|November 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Accelerating COVID-19 Treatment Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) partnership advanced COVID-19 therapeutics through innovative trials. Lessons learned from these complex clinical trials will improve future public health emergency responses.

Keywords:
Accelerating COVID-19 Treatment Interventions and VaccinesCOVID-19clinical trial implementationmaster protocolpreparednesstrial platform

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Trials
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Therapeutics

Background:

  • The US Government's "Accelerating COVID-19 Treatment Interventions and Vaccines" (ACTIV) partnership aimed to find effective COVID-19 treatments.
  • ACTIV developed master protocols and evaluated 37 therapeutic agents for treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges and lessons learned from ACTIV clinical trials.
  • To inform future therapeutic clinical trials during public health emergencies and peacetime.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of eleven master protocols for therapeutic agent evaluation.
  • Enrollment of over 26,000 participants across multiple complex clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Innovations were developed to overcome trial implementation challenges.
  • Significant participant enrollment was achieved despite encountered difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Key lessons from ACTIV trials can guide future public health emergency responses.
  • The findings offer insights for conducting complex clinical trials efficiently.