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  1. Home
  3. A Tale Of Two Cities In Fluorescent Sensing Of Carbon Monoxide: Probes That Detect Co And Those That Detect Only Chemically Reactive Co Donors (corms), But Not Co.
  1. Home
  3. A Tale Of Two Cities In Fluorescent Sensing Of Carbon Monoxide: Probes That Detect Co And Those That Detect Only Chemically Reactive Co Donors (corms), But Not Co.

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A Tale of Two Cities in Fluorescent Sensing of Carbon Monoxide: Probes That Detect CO and Those That Detect Only

Dongning Liu1, Xiaoxiao Yang1, Binghe Wang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|November 14, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Researchers highlight issues with fluorescent probes for detecting carbon monoxide (CO). Many probes mistakenly detect CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) instead of CO, hindering accurate biological studies.

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Molecular Probes

Background:

  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous molecule with significant pharmacological activities.
  • Accurate detection of CO is crucial for understanding its biological roles.
  • Fluorescent CO probes have been developed since 2012, with over 100 publications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the reliability of existing fluorescent CO probes.
  • To address the confusion arising from the use of ruthenium-carbonyl complexes (CORMs) like CORM-2 and CORM-3.
  • To clarify the challenges in detecting low, nanomolar concentrations of CO in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing literature on fluorescent CO probes.
  • Discussion of the chemical reactivity of CORM-2 and CORM-3.
  • Examination of probe kinetics and degradation in aqueous solutions.

    • Main Results:

    • Many reported CO probes do not selectively detect CO but rather the CORM precursors.
    • CORM-2 and CORM-3 are chemically reactive and can release CO2 instead of CO without nucleophiles.
    • The reliability and specificity of numerous CO probes are questionable, impacting CO research.

    Conclusions:

    • Existing fluorescent probes, particularly those using CORM-2/3, often fail to accurately detect endogenous carbon monoxide.
    • Clarification is needed regarding what these probes truly detect to avoid misinterpretation in CO research.
    • Further development of selective and reliable CO probes with fast kinetics is essential for in vivo applications.