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Disparities in the Life Course Origins of Dual Functionality.

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|November 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Childhood and adult stressors, like trauma and discrimination, can lead to dual functionality impairment in older adults. Resources may help counteract this functional loss, with racial and ethnic differences observed.

Keywords:
cognitive functionlife course disparitiesphysical functionstress

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Previous research links stressors to physical or cognitive decline in older adults.
  • Limited research examines dual functionality (absence of physical and cognitive impairment) and its relationship with stressors.
  • Racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes are well-documented in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between childhood and adulthood stressors and resources with dual functionality impairment.
  • To examine the longitudinal relationship between stressors and the loss of dual functionality.
  • To explore racial and ethnic differences in the onset of dual functionality impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016).
  • Analyzed the impact of lifetime trauma, childhood stressors, and everyday discrimination on dual functionality.
  • Compared functional loss trajectories among Black, White, and Hispanic adults.

Main Results:

  • Lifetime trauma was linked to baseline dual functionality impairment.
  • Childhood stressors and everyday discrimination predicted prospective loss of dual functionality.
  • Black and foreign-born Hispanic adults showed earlier loss of dual functionality compared to White adults.
  • Childhood stressors accelerated impairment transition for U.S.-born Hispanic adults.

Conclusions:

  • Exposures throughout life, from childhood to adulthood, significantly influence functional health in later life.
  • Childhood and adulthood stressors contribute to the impairment of dual functionality in older adults.
  • Available resources may serve as a protective factor against functional decline, potentially mitigating the impact of stressors.