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Going with the flow: Implementing a 4D flow MRI program at a children's hospital.

Aparna Sodhi1, Nicholas K Brown2, Joshua D Robinson3,4,5

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Four-dimensional phase contrast MRI (4D flow) offers advanced cardiovascular blood flow assessment. Streamlined acquisition and processing now make 4D flow a practical tool for pediatric cardiovascular imaging.

Keywords:
CardiovascularCongenital heart diseaseFlow visualizationFour-dimensional flow (4D flow)HemodynamicsMagnetic resonance imagingPediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Four-dimensional phase contrast MRI (4D flow) is a powerful tool for assessing cardiovascular blood flow.
  • Historically, long scan times and complex processing limited its clinical use.
  • Recent advancements have improved acquisition speed and post-processing efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To promote wider adoption of 4D flow in clinical practice.
  • To detail the clinical utility, acquisition, optimization, and post-processing of 4D flow.
  • Focus on its application in pediatric cardiovascular imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing time-resolved, three-dimensional MRI acquisitions.
  • Gating scans to the cardiac cycle for accurate flow dynamics.
  • Employing advanced post-processing techniques for hemodynamic parameter extraction.

Main Results:

  • 4D flow provides comprehensive visualization of blood flow.
  • Enables both qualitative and quantitative assessment of hemodynamics.
  • Facilitates evaluation of cardiovascular disease impact on flow.

Conclusions:

  • 4D flow is increasingly clinically useful due to improved efficiency.
  • It guides management in congenital and acquired heart disease.
  • This communication serves as a guide for its implementation in pediatric settings.