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Osmotic and phoretic competition explains chemotaxic assembly and sorting.

Aditya V Hardikar1, Adam W Hauser1,2, Terrence M Hopkins2

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Synthetic chemotaxis of microparticles was quantified by analyzing competing phoresis and osmosis. This framework accurately models particle transport, enabling tunable collective behaviors and selective species sorting.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Microscale object migration in response to chemical gradients is fundamental to biological transport.
  • Synthetic chemotaxis offers simplified models for biological systems and advanced responsive materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative framework for synthetic chemotaxis in microparticles.
  • To understand the interplay between phoresis and osmosis in particle migration.
  • To enable the design of responsive materials and study biological chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative measurement of phoretic and osmotic forces on individual microparticles.
  • Development of a theoretical framework integrating phoresis and osmosis.
  • Observation of particle collective behaviors (hives) and selective sorting in chemical gradients.

Main Results:

  • Phoresis follows predicted [Formula: see text] scaling.
  • Osmotic contributions are system-dependent and require case-by-case analysis.
  • High particle concentrations form tunable, close-packed hives.
  • Mixed particles exhibit selective migration and local sorting based on surface properties.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides an accurate picture of single-particle transport.
  • Competing phoretic and osmotic flows can drive complex dynamic behaviors.
  • This work advances understanding of both synthetic and biological chemotaxis.