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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Crystal Field Theory
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Tetrahedral Complexes
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Exploring Structural Anisotropy in Amorphous Tb-Co via Changes in Medium-Range Ordering.

Ellis Kennedy1, Emily Hollingworth2,3, Alejandro Ceballos1,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada
|November 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetron co-sputtering creates amorphous thin films with atomic structures sensitive to temperature. Higher growth temperatures increase medium-range ordering, while annealing decreases it, impacting film properties.

Keywords:
4D-STEMamorphous materialsmagnetic materialsmedium-range order

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Thin Film Technology

Background:

  • Amorphous thin films exhibit bulk properties influenced by atomic structure.
  • Magnetron co-sputtering is a common method for depositing these films.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between growth/annealing temperatures and medium-range ordering (MRO) in amorphous Tb17Co83 (a-Tb-Co) films.
  • To explore the impact of structural anisotropy on magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized scanning nanodiffraction in a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  • Analyzed amorphous Tb17Co83 films deposited at various temperatures.
  • Employed film tilting to study orientation-dependent atomic structures.

Main Results:

  • Observed an increase in MRO with higher growth temperatures.
  • Found a decrease in MRO with higher annealing temperatures.
  • Correlated oriented MRO with increased structural anisotropy and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • Growth conditions significantly influence the atomic ordering in amorphous films.
  • Preferential ordering along the growth direction is linked to temperature-mediated adatom configurations.
  • The tilted TEM method offers a way to extract anisotropic structural information from amorphous materials.