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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Perceived Health Status Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

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Racial and ethnic minorities with cardiovascular disease (CVD) report poorer perceived health status. These disparities highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve health equity and socioeconomic conditions for diverse populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Health Disparities
  • Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding health outcomes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is critical for enhancing treatment and patient quality of life.
  • Racial and ethnic disparities in health status among CVD patients require investigation to inform targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in perceived health status among non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White adults diagnosed with CVD.
  • To identify how demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors influence perceived health status across different racial and ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2014-2021.
  • Ordinal logistic regression models were employed to assess racial and ethnic differences in perceived health status, adjusting for key covariates.
  • The study included a weighted sample of over 15 million adults with various CVD diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in perceived health status were observed across racial and ethnic groups.
  • Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults with CVD reported significantly higher odds of poorer perceived health compared to non-Hispanic White adults.
  • Racial and ethnic differences were noted in the impact of age, functional limitations, and insurance status on perceived health.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial racial disparities exist in perceived health status among adults with cardiovascular disease.
  • Targeted interventions addressing healthcare access and socioeconomic factors are necessary to mitigate these disparities.
  • Tailoring strategies to the specific needs of racial and ethnic populations is crucial for improving health equity.