Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Emergency Undocking in Robotic Surgery: A Simulation Curriculum
Published on: May 20, 2018
The Role of Sex and Gender in Precision Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review and Proposed Hierarchy
Angela F Jarman1, Madeleine G Wolfe2, Bryn E Mumma1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.
Background:
Precision medicine utilizes individual patient data to guide decision making. Sex and gender medicine is likewise focused on individual patients' biological sex or sociocultural gender as determinants of disease. How these two fields intersect with one another and with acute care medicine is unclear.
Methods:
We conducted a scoping literature review utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews to evaluate the primary research in three related areas: sex & gender medicine, emergency medicine, and precision medicine. We searched six databases and screened eligible studies for inclusion. Included studies were reviewed in full, and study characteristics were compiled using a standardized data extraction form. Research questions were drafted by workgroup members and ranked by all participants of the consensus conference.
Results:
A total of 401 studies were screened for inclusion. Of these, 70 met inclusion criteria and were evaluated in full text. The majority (84%, 59/70) reported evaluating sex, whereas only 16% (11/70) reported evaluating gender. The most common clinical topics were cardiovascular diseases and trauma/injury prevention, comprising 50% (35/70) of the included manuscripts. Cumulatively, 77% (54/70) of the manuscripts reviewed cited at least one funding source. The vast majority (66/70, 94%) of studies were included because their statistical analysis accounted for sex or gender, and very few studies (4/70, 6%) were included due to their use of biomarker or genomic data.
Conclusions:
Sex- and gender-based medicine and research commonly employ precision medicine concepts to evaluate the effects of sex and gender in a variety of clinical topic areas, but much of this literature is not commonly described as precision medicine. We propose a hierarchy to categorize, label, and advance sex and gender precision medicine research. Fundamental to this advancement are implementation of guidelines regarding the correct use of sex and gender and continued research funding for sex and gender precision EM research.
More Related Videos
09:52Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
Published on: January 15, 2017
06:59A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
Related Concept Videos
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Panic Disorder
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation
The blood filling the erectile tissues compresses the veins, which helps to prevent blood from leaving...
Barriers to Effective Communication II
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Standard Precaution
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...