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Alterations of Gut Microbiome Composition and Function Pre- and Post-Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive

Hai-Hua Chuang1,2,3, Li-Ang Lee2,4,5, Li-Pang Chuang6

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Branch and Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery = Le Journal D'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie Et De Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale
|November 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Adenotonsillectomy (AT) for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly alters the gut microbiome, with changes correlating to improved apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). These microbiome shifts may offer insights into OSA treatment effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Pediatric sleep medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is associated with gut microbiome alterations.
  • The impact of adenotonsillectomy (AT), a common treatment for pediatric OSA, on gut microbiota dynamics is not fully understood, especially concerning disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of OSA severity and AT on the gut microbiome in pediatric patients.
  • To explore the relationship between changes in the gut microbiome and improvements in OSA metrics after AT.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study at a tertiary referral center.
  • Involved 55 pediatric patients undergoing AT for OSA.
  • Utilized polysomnography and 16S rRNA gut microbiome profiling at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • While alpha-diversity was uniform across OSA severities, beta-diversity was higher in severe OSA.
  • Specific gut bacteria inversely correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).
  • Post-AT improvements in AHI were linked to significant shifts in alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, and specific bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Adenotonsillectomy (AT) induces significant changes in the pediatric gut microbiome, affecting diversity, bacterial composition, and metabolic functions.
  • These findings suggest a link between AT and microbiome alterations in pediatric OSA patients.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the specific role of AT and control for confounding factors like antibiotic use.
Abstract

Keywords:
adenotonsillectomyapnea-hypopnea indexfunctional predictiongut microbiomeobstructive sleep apnea

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