Ultrasound (US) of the fingers: anatomy and pathology

The development and evolution of high-frequency probes in current ultrasound systems have enabled us to obtain more detailed information about small and superficial structures, such as the fingers, which are frequently injured in a significant portion of the population (traumatic injuries account for 28% of musculoskeletal system injuries) and can result in substantial disability for affected patients. Due to its superior accessibility, resolution, and ability to perform dynamic studies, ultrasound has become the imaging technique of choice for evaluating these conditions. It covers a range of pathologies, including tendinous, ligamentous, and articular injuries, as well as soft tissue tumors and pseudotumors, which will be described in detail in the main body of the article. However, given the complexity and small size of these structures, along with the necessity for early diagnosis to enable surgical treatment and minimize functional impairment, it is essential to be well-versed in the anatomy, examination techniques, and basic pathologies of the fingers to perform a thorough evaluation and achieve an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to present this content in a practical and straightforward manner, making it useful not only for radiology professionals but also for other specialists, since ultrasound is the most commonly used imaging method outside of radiology.