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Long-Term Impacts of COVID-19 on Thyroid Health: Insights From Clinical Studies

Ria Syal1, Jasmeet Kaur2, Maheen Siddiqui3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Cambridge, CAN.

Cureus
|November 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 can cause thyroid dysfunction in about 15% of patients, leading to long-term issues like persistent hypothyroidism. Further research is needed to manage these thyroid disorders post-infection.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to various endocrine disorders, notably thyroid disease.
  • Long-term effects of COVID-19 on thyroid health remain underexplored.
  • Understanding this interplay is crucial for managing thyroid disorders in infected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research on the long-term effects of COVID-19 on thyroid health.
  • To identify areas for future clinical studies on post-COVID-19 thyroid dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using keywords: "thyroid disease", "COVID-19", and "long-term".
  • Databases searched included PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant clinical research.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 impacts the thyroid via viral invasion, immune response, and HPT axis disruption.
  • Thyroid dysfunction occurs in ~15% of COVID-19 patients, presenting as thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, or NTI.
  • Long-term effects include persistent hypothyroidism and worsening of autoimmune thyroid conditions, particularly in children.

Conclusions:

  • Longitudinal follow-up of patients with thyroid disorders post-COVID-19 is essential for better outcomes.
  • Further pathophysiological research can guide strategies for preventing and treating thyroid abnormalities after COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
clinical trialscovid-19endocrinologylong-termmanagementthyroiditis

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