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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Cognitive Function in Individuals with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism-A Prospective Observational Study.

Adelina Tmava-Berisha1, Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer2, Tatjana Stross1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|November 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Chronic hypoparathyroidism significantly impairs cognitive function, particularly attention and processing speed. This cognitive dysfunction affects workability and may benefit from neuropsychological training.

Keywords:
cognitive functionhypoparathyroidismneuropsychological test batteryparathormone

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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated with patient-reported
  • brain fog,
  • but objective evidence of cognitive impairment is limited.
  • Cognitive deficits impact daily functioning and workability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive function in chronic hypoparathyroidism patients.
  • To compare cognitive performance with healthy controls.
  • To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 30 individuals with hypoparathyroidism and 30 matched healthy controls were assessed.
  • Cognitive performance was evaluated using a neurocognitive test battery.
  • Tests assessed attention, processing speed, verbal learning, memory, and executive function.

Main Results:

  • Patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism exhibited poorer attention and processing speed compared to controls.
  • A higher percentage of patients showed deficits in attention, processing speed, and executive function.
  • Cognitive impairment was prevalent in over 50% of patients in key domains.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive dysfunction, especially in attention and processing speed, is common in chronic hypoparathyroidism.
  • Recognizing cognitive impairment is vital for patient management and workability assessments.
  • Neuropsychological training may offer therapeutic benefits for cognitive deficits.