Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina
Published on: March 22, 2015
[Electrophysiology in ophthalmology]
Laura Kühlewein, Katarina Stingl1
1Universitäts-Augenklinik, Department für Augenheilkunde, Universität Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland. katarina.stingl@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
Abstract:
Electrophysiological examinations are used in ophthalmology to determine the functionality of the neurons of the visual pathway. As electrophysiological examinations are independent of the subjective perception and response of the patient, they are considered to be objective functional diagnostics of vision. Electroretinography (ERG) is used to examine the retina (especially the photoreceptors), electro-oculography (EOG) is used to examine the functionality of the retinal pigment epithelium and visually evoked potentials (VEP) are used to evaluate the integrity of the entire visual pathway. Abnormalities in electrophysiological responses should always be interpreted in the context of other functional and morphological findings.
Related Concept Videos
The Retina
Photoelectric Effect
Electromotive Force
Electromotive Force
Any circuit with a constant current must contain an emf-producing source. Examples of emf sources include batteries, electric generators, solar cells, thermocouples, and fuel cells. All these sources transform energy of some kind (mechanical, chemical, thermal, and so on) into electric...
Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism
Focusing of Light in the Eye

