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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Topological materials science
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Topological insulators possess unique electronic properties governed by bulk invariants.
  • Quantized electromagnetic responses are key signatures of topological phases, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect.
  • Previous work identified quantized circular photogalvanic effects in Weyl semimetals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate quantized integrated shift photoconductivities in three-dimensional multigap topological insulators.
  • To establish the connection between bulk topological invariants and optical responses under specific symmetry conditions.
  • To explore the physical origin of topological quantization in optical phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of bulk invariants in three-dimensional multigap topological insulators.
  • Recasting topological quantization using integrated torsion tensor and non-Abelian Berry connection.
  • Formulating Chern-Simons forms to describe the quantized response.
  • Analyzing virtual transitions contributing to the optical response.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated quantized integrated shift photoconductivities in specific topological insulators.
  • Established that bulk invariants under reality conditions dictate this quantization.
  • Identified the emergence of topological quantization purely from virtual transitions.
  • Linked topological quantization to Chern-Simons forms via torsion and Berry connection.

Conclusions:

  • Topological insulators offer a platform for novel quantized electromagnetic responses.
  • The study reveals a new quantized dc response stemming from non-trivial band topology.
  • Findings expand the understanding of topological effects on optical properties in condensed matter systems.