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Iron‑sulfur cluster biogenesis and function in Apicomplexa parasites.

Eléa A Renaud1, Ambre J M Maupin1, Sébastien Besteiro1

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|November 15, 2024
PubMed
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Iron-sulfur clusters are vital for cellular functions. Parasitic apicomplexans possess unique iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathways in their organelles, offering potential targets for new anti-parasitic drugs.

Keywords:
Drug targetIron‑sulfur clusterMetabolismPlasmodiumToxoplasma

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Parasitology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Iron-sulfur clusters are essential ancient protein cofactors.
  • Eukaryotic cells utilize specific machineries for iron-sulfur cluster assembly in different compartments.
  • Apicomplexans, parasitic protists, possess mitochondria and apicoplasts, requiring distinct assembly pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the iron-sulfur cluster assembly machineries in apicomplexan parasites.
  • To highlight parasite-specific features of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
  • To explore the potential of these pathways as targets for anti-parasitic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genomic and proteomic data to identify components of iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathways.
  • Comparative analysis of these pathways across different apicomplexan species.
  • Functional studies to assess the importance of these pathways for parasite survival.

Main Results:

  • Apicomplexan parasites have specialized iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathways in their mitochondria and apicoplasts.
  • Distinct cytosolic pathways are also present.
  • The importance of iron-sulfur cluster assembly for parasite fitness has been confirmed.
  • Parasite-specific features within these pathways have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Iron-sulfur cluster assembly is crucial for the survival of apicomplexan parasites.
  • The unique features of these pathways present promising targets for novel anti-parasitic drug development.
  • Targeting these parasite-specific machineries could lead to effective therapeutic strategies.