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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
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Relationship between initial motor variability and learning and adaptive ability. A systematic review.

Miguel López-Fernández1, Rafael Sabido1, Carla Caballero2

  • 1Sport Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.

Neuroscience
|November 15, 2024
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Greater initial motor variability aids motor learning and task adaptation. This review found a direct link, particularly in reward-based tasks, suggesting variability is key for skill improvement.

Keywords:
AdaptationInitial variabilityLearningMotor variabilityMovement variability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Motor variability is inherent in human movement.
  • It is linked to motor learning and task adaptation.
  • Understanding this link can optimize training and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between initial motor variability and motor learning/adaptation.
  • To determine if initial variability predicts learning and adaptation capabilities.
  • To synthesize findings across different task types (reward-based vs. error-based).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 18 studies.
  • Analysis of the association between initial motor variability and learning/adaptation.
  • Categorization of tasks into reward-based and error-based.

Main Results:

  • Twelve of 18 studies found a direct relationship between initial motor variability and learning/adaptation.
  • In reward-based tasks, higher initial variability correlated with better learning (linear dispersion measures).
  • In error-based tasks, both variability amount and temporal structure were associated with learning, but temporal structure was a better predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Initial motor variability is a significant predictor of motor learning and adaptation.
  • The nature of the relationship depends on the task type (reward vs. error-based).
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between initial variability and motor skill acquisition.