An overview of the poisonous plants of Lebanon and their effects

Poisonous plants are naturally found in the environment and are easily reachable especially by children. These plants pose significant risks ranging from mild or asymptomatic to severe and even life-threatening. Data on poisonous plants of Lebanon is scarce and scattered; therefore, there remains a significant gap in the literature concerning poisonous plants in Lebanon. This study relied on a thorough review of existing literature on poisonous plants of Lebanon and their effects. Based on our experience in the field and on leveraging available data from the literature, a list of important potentially toxic plants in Lebanon was compiled. Toxic plants in Lebanon were categorized based on their chemical properties into groups such as alkaloids; glycosides; proteins, peptides, and lectins; phenols and phenylpropanoids; terpenes and resins; carboxylic acids; and other (uncategorized). The clinical effects of these plants were discussed in detail to provide an overview of the toxicity that they can cause. This study is part of our ongoing work on poisonous plants of Lebanon. It aims to fill a gap pertaining to poisonous plant; it will benefit healthcare workers and the public at the same time. Prompt recognition of plant exposure and their manifestations will allow for better clinical management especially among emergency healthcare workers and professionals. In addition, this review will increase awareness of Lebanese public about the poisonous plants of Lebanon with the ultimate aim to prevent these toxic occurrences from the beginning.