Adsorption behavior and mechanism of lead by starch/tobermorite composite hydrogel

Tobermorite (TOB) is a synthetic inorganic mineral material with a montmorillonite-like layered structure that removes heavy metals from water, and its incorporation into starch-based hydrogels can optimize the stability and adsorption properties of the hydrogels; it can also significantly reduce the storage pressure of fly ash (FA) and reduce environmental pollution. This study utilized starch/tobemolite/acrylic acid (LR/TOB/AA) as the raw material, successfully synthesizing a starch-tobemolite composite hydrogel (LR-TOB/AA) using aqueous solution polymerization. The hydrogel exhibits excellent water absorption and retention capabilities, as well as a significant adsorption effect on Pb(II). The influence of adsorption duration, starting concentration, temperature, and hydrogel incorporation on Pb(II) adsorption was examined by intermittent adsorption experiments. The maximal adsorption capacity of Pb(II) was 900.25 mg/g, surpassing the majority of reported hydrogel adsorbents, as determined by Langmuir isothermal adsorption model fitting. Following five adsorption-desorption cycles, the hydrogel's adsorption of Pb(II) persisted above 90 %.