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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

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Material analysis on semi-permanent makeup needles.

Hyun Sook Jin1, Seung Hyun Oh2, Byung Soo Chang3

  • 1Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Haemi- myeon, Seosan, Chungnam, 31962, South Korea.

Applied Microscopy
|November 15, 2024
PubMed
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Microscopic analysis of semi-permanent makeup tattoo needles reveals lead particles on distorted needles, likely from manufacturing. Enhanced quality control is crucial for hygienic cosmetic tattooing equipment.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • The cosmetic-tattoo industry is rapidly advancing, with microstructures in equipment offering potential for semi-permanent makeup.
  • Understanding the materials and microparticles on tattoo needles is essential for safety and efficacy in cosmetic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the materials and microparticles present on semi-permanent makeup tattoo needles.
  • To compare the microstructures of original and distorted five-round-shader tattoo needles.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface of five-round-shader tattoo needles.
  • Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyzed the elemental composition of the needle surfaces.
  • Comparison between original and distorted needles, including measurement of needle tip diameters.
Keywords:
CosmeticsEDSMake upMicro-pigmentationMicrobladingSEMSemi-permanent makeupTattoo needleTattooing

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Main Results:

  • Distorted needle tips were approximately 2.5 times thicker (16 μm) than rounded needle tips (6.80 μm).
  • Rosette-shaped lead (Pb) particles and irregular clusters were observed adhering to welded areas and needle shafts.
  • Lead particles, ranging from 4–5 μm, exhibited a grid-like, plate-like structure, originating from manufacturing processes.

Conclusions:

  • The manufacturing processes, specifically grinding and polishing, contribute to the formation of lead microparticles on tattoo needles.
  • High-quality inspection processes are necessary to ensure sterilized tattoo needles free from contaminants for safe cosmetic tattooing.