Plasma Glycated CD59 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy worldwide. The standard method for screening GDM is the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, the OGTT is difficult, time-consuming and requires fasting, making it an inconvenient test for GDM. Researchers have turned their attention to alternative biomarkers for GDM. This study aimed to systematically investigate the potential of plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) as a new biomarker for GDM and its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The systematic review was performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases from 1/1/2000 to 4/1/2024, and relevant studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

The study revealed that pGCD59 levels before 20 weeks and during the second trimester of pregnancy have the potential to predict the results of the OGTT and also forecast adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as postpartum glucose intolerance (PP GI), neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH) and having large for gestational age (LGA) infants. The predictive ability of pGCD59 was found to be affected by the GDM status, especially body mass index (BMI).

In conclusion, pGCD59 may be a promising indicator of glucose levels and could serve as a new biomarker for GDM. However, additional studies are needed to establish a reliable reference range and cut-off value for pGCD59.