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Updated: Jun 7, 2025
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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
Published on: August 30, 2018
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Antibiotic Management After Neonatal Enteric Operations in US Children's Hospitals
Priyanka Jadhav1, Pamela M Choi2, Romeo Ignacio3
1University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|November 16, 2024
Summary
One day of perioperative antibiotics is sufficient for neonatal enteric operations, with no increased infection risk compared to longer durations. Cefazolin monotherapy also showed low infection rates.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal surgery
- Pediatric surgery
- Infectious disease
Background:
- Limited evidence-based guidelines exist for perioperative antibiotic use in neonates undergoing enteric operations.
- Current practices for antibiotic administration vary significantly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess perioperative antibiotic administration practices in neonates undergoing enteric operations.
- To evaluate the incidence of postoperative infections and other outcomes based on antibiotic strategies.
Main Methods:
- A non-interventional observational database study using the Pediatric Health Information Systems database (2021).
- Identified infants undergoing repair of esophageal, duodenal, or jejuno-ileal atresia.
- Analyzed antibiotic type, duration, and postoperative infection rates (bacterial, fungal, antibiotic-resistant).
Main Results:
- 516 infants were included; 39% received >1 day of antibiotics.
- No difference in postoperative infection rates between short (<1 day) and long (>1 day) antibiotic durations.
- Cefazolin or cefoxitin monotherapy showed similar bacterial infection rates compared to other regimens.
- No significant difference in fungal infection rates based on antibiotic type or duration.
Conclusions:
- Substantial variation exists in antibiotic duration and type for neonatal enteric operations.
- A single day of perioperative antibiotics was associated with a low incidence of infection.
- Longer antibiotic treatment did not reduce infection risk; cefazolin monotherapy demonstrated a low risk.
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