Recent advances in the medical applications of two-dimensional MXene nanosheets

MXene-based materials are gaining significant attention due to their exceptional properties and adaptability, leading to diverse advanced applications. In 3D printing, MXenes enhance the performance of photoblockers, photocurable inks, and composites, enabling the creation of precise, flexible and durable structures. MXene/siloxane composites offer both flexibility and resilience, while MXene/spidroin scaffolds provide excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, making them ideal for tissue engineering. Sustainable inks such as MXene/cellulose nano inks, alginate/MXene and MXene/emulsion underscore their role in high-performance printed materials. In cancer therapy, MXenes enable innovative photothermal and photodynamic therapies, where nanosheets generate heat and reactive oxygen species to destroy cancer cells. MXene theranostic nanoprobes combine imaging and treatment, while MXene/niobium composites support hyperthermia therapy and MXene/cellulose hydrogels allow controlled drug release. Additionally, MXene-based nanozymes enhance catalytic activity, and MXene/gold nanorods enable near-infrared-triggered drug release for noninvasive treatments. In antimicrobial applications, MXene composites enhance material durability and hygiene, providing anticorrosive protection for metals. For instance, MXene/graphene, MXene/polycaprolactone nanofibers and MXene/chitosan hydrogels exhibit significant antibacterial activity. Additionally, MXene sensors have been developed to detect antibiotic residues. MXene cryogels also promote tissue regeneration, while MXene nanohybrids facilitate photocatalytic antibacterial therapy. These advancements underscore the potential of MXenes in regenerative medicine and other fields.