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Depression, urinary free cortisol excretion and lymphocyte function.

Z Kronfol, J D House, J Silva

    The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Depression impairs lymphocyte function, reducing cell-mediated immunity. This immune impairment in depressed patients is not solely explained by excessive cortisol secretion, suggesting other factors are involved.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Neuroscience
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Impaired lymphocyte response to mitogen stimulation is linked to cell-mediated immunity deficits in depression.
    • Cortisol, an immunosuppressive hormone, is excessively secreted in some depressed patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if impaired lymphocyte function in depression is related to excessive cortisol secretion.
    • To compare mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in depressed patients with high and normal cortisol levels against healthy controls.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared lymphocyte mitogenic activity across three groups: depressed patients with high 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC), depressed patients with normal UFC, and normal controls.
    • Assessed mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation as a measure of cell-mediated immunity.

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    Main Results:

    • Both groups of depressed patients exhibited significantly reduced lymphocyte mitogenic activity compared to normal controls.
    • No significant difference in lymphocyte response was observed between the two depressed patient groups.
    • No significant correlation was found between UFC excretion levels and lymphocyte mitogenic responses within the depressed patient cohort.

    Conclusions:

    • Depression is associated with impaired lymphocyte function, indicating a compromised cell-mediated immunity.
    • This impairment in lymphocyte function in depression cannot be solely attributed to increased cortisol secretion.
    • Other mechanisms beyond elevated cortisol likely contribute to immune dysfunction in depressive illness.