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Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
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Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Preparation of Synaptoneurosomes from Mouse Cortex using a Discontinuous Percoll-Sucrose Density Gradient
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Multimodal synaptomics reveals coordinated synaptic activity, protein synthesis and reorganization in NMDAR

Reuven Falkovich, Sameer Aryal, Jasmine Wang

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    This study reveals how combining synapse activity, protein data, and gene translation reveals complex neuronal circuit functions. This approach helps understand disease mechanisms and improve animal model phenotyping.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Molecular Biology
    • Systems Biology

    Background:

    • Synaptic function relies on protein interactions, activity, and synthesis.
    • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for deciphering neuronal circuit function and disease.
    • Existing methods lack the resolution to integrate these factors at individual synapses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a high-dimensional approach for simultaneous measurement of synaptic properties.
    • To investigate the interplay between synaptic composition, activity, and local translation.
    • To dissect synaptic phenotypes in NMDAR loss-of-function models.

    Main Methods:

    • In situ measurement of synaptic multiprotein composition and activation states.
    • Simultaneous recording of synapse activity (calcium traces, glutamate spiking).
    • Quantification of local gene translation at individual synapses.

    Main Results:

    • Identified interdependencies within the multiprotein-activity network.
    • Causally dissected complex synaptic phenotypes in NMDAR loss-of-function models.
    • Demonstrated generalization to mitochondrial protein networks and improved phenotyping via machine learning.

    Conclusions:

    • Integrating multiple synapse data modalities provides deep structure-function insights.
    • This method enables robust characterization of synapse populations and their responses to perturbations.
    • The approach is valuable for understanding neuronal function and disease mechanisms.