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Related Concept Videos

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
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Brain on Fire: How Brain Infection and Neuroinflammation Drive Worldwide Epilepsy Burden.

Melissa Barker-Haliski1, Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva2, Julika Pitsch3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Epilepsy Currents
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy disproportionately affects low-income nations. Research into brain infections and encephalitis offers new therapeutic targets to reduce the global epilepsy burden.

Keywords:
FIRESNORSESARS-CoV2Theiler’s virusautoimmune encephalitiscytokinesdrebinglobal healthminocyclineperineuronal netsrefractory status epilepticus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Epilepsy disproportionately impacts low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited treatment options and high stigma.
  • Brain infections and encephalitis are significant epilepsy risk factors, particularly in resource-poor settings, yet remain understudied.
  • Current therapies do not prevent epilepsy development, and access to advanced treatments is low in LMICs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in translational research for encephalitis-induced epilepsy.
  • To explore shared neuroinflammatory pathways between infectious and autoimmune encephalitis.
  • To highlight opportunities for developing novel epilepsy therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of translational research integrating encephalitis-induced seizure and epilepsy models.
  • Analysis of clinical diagnosis progress for inflammation and virally mediated epilepsy.
  • Synthesis of findings on shared biological underpinnings of epileptogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Brain infections, like enterovirus, are key risk factors for encephalitis-induced epilepsy.
  • Convergent neuroinflammatory pathways exist in viral and autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Naturally occurring viral infection models offer insights into epileptogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding shared mechanisms between infectious and autoimmune encephalitis presents therapeutic opportunities.
  • Integrating global epilepsy risk factors into preclinical research can advance 21st-century epilepsy therapies.
  • Improved awareness of shared biological underpinnings can reduce the global epilepsy burden.