Identification, quantification, and antidepressant-like evaluation of anthocyanin-rich extracts from different...

Berries are highly valued for their rich phenolic content, particularly anthocyanins, which are known for their antioxidative properties and potential effectiveness against depression. This study identified and quantified anthocyanin profiles in blueberry, blackberry, black mulberry, and cranberry using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), followed by in vivo evaluation of their antidepressant-like activities. Blueberry and black mulberry showed significant levels of cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin. Acute supplementation with these berries decreased serum corticosterone levels and increased monoamine neurotransmitters, while chronic supplementation enhanced antioxidative activity and reduced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice. These findings indicate that the neurochemical, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects of blueberry and black mulberry mediate their therapeutic role against depression. Berries rich in cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin may be valuable in developing functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmacological formulations for mental health improvement.