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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

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A consistent diffuse-interface model for two-phase flow problems with rapid evaporation.

Magdalena Schreter-Fleischhacker1, Peter Munch2,3, Nils Much1

  • 1Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany.

Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new diffuse-interface model for rapid evaporation in two-phase flows. It accurately predicts evaporation mass and pressure jumps, improving simulations of melt-vapor interactions.

Keywords:
Diffuse-interface modelEvaporationFinite element methodMelt-vapor interactionTwo-phase flow with phase change

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Area of Science:

  • Multiphase flow physics
  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Heat and mass transfer

Background:

  • Simulating rapid evaporation in two-phase flows presents challenges due to large density discontinuities and dynamic interface changes.
  • Existing models struggle with accurate prediction of velocity, pressure jumps, and interface topology during phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop accurate and mathematically consistent diffuse-interface models for two-phase flow with rapid evaporation.
  • To improve the prediction of evaporation dynamics, mass transfer, and pressure variations across the liquid-vapor interface.
  • To address artifacts in diffuse interface models when combined with standard viscous flow constitutive relations.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of an incompressible Navier-Stokes solver with a conservative level-set formulation within a matrix-free adaptive finite element framework.
  • Development of extrapolated velocity definitions for the diffuse interface region, improving accuracy for curved interfaces.
  • Implementation of a reciprocal density interpolation for mass conservation and introduction of a correction term for viscous constitutive models.

Main Results:

  • Extrapolated velocity definitions show superior accuracy in predicting evaporated mass and interface dynamics compared to local evaluation.
  • A consistent reciprocal density interpolation is crucial for accurate prediction of evaporation-induced pressure jumps.
  • A proposed correction term effectively mitigates pressure artifacts arising from diffuse interface models combined with Stokes-type constitutive relations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed diffuse-interface model provides accurate and consistent formulations for rapid evaporation in two-phase flows.
  • The model enhances the simulation of complex phenomena like melt-vapor interactions in thermal multiphase systems.
  • This work offers improved predictive capabilities for applications such as laser-based powder bed fusion of metals.