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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

211
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
211
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

220
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
220
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

305
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
305
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

170
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
170
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

133
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
133
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

65
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
65

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Foregut tuberculosis: Too close but miles apart.

Yumna Shahid1, Muhammad Aarish Anis2, Shahab Abid3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.

World Journal of Clinical Cases
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) can affect any organ, but foregut TB is rare, often missed due to subtle symptoms. Early diagnosis relies on endoscopy, histopathology, and molecular tests for effective treatment.

Keywords:
Caseating granulomasEsophagogastroduodenoscopyForegutGastroduodenalMycobacteriumTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is rising globally, affecting various organs.
  • Intestinal TB constitutes 2% of worldwide cases, with the ileocecal region being most common.
  • Foregut TB, involving the esophagus and stomach, is exceptionally rare (approx. 0.5% incidence).

Discussion:

  • Foregut TB presents insidiously with symptoms like dysphagia, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting.
  • Gastroscopy may show ulcers or duodenal deformities, but diagnosis often requires histopathology.
  • Computed tomography can reveal duodenal strictures or masses, but biopsies are crucial.

Key Insights:

  • Diagnosis of foregut TB is frequently missed due to non-specific symptoms and rarity.
  • Accurate diagnosis necessitates biopsies for GeneXpert, PCR, and histopathological analysis.
  • Low gastric pH may inhibit Mycobacterium growth, contributing to the rarity of foregut TB.

Outlook:

  • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, histopathology, and endoscopic ultrasound are vital for diagnosing foregut TB.
  • Increased awareness and utilization of advanced diagnostic techniques are essential.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis and optimal management of foregut TB is warranted.