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Bandgap, dispersion, and non-reciprocal characteristics of an active Willis metamateriala).

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Active Willis metamaterials (AWM) exhibit enhanced control and sensing capabilities due to their unique Willis coupling. This study demonstrates AWM

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Area of Science:

  • Metamaterials Science
  • Control Theory
  • Solid Mechanics

Background:

  • Active Willis metamaterials (AWM) possess unique electro-elastic coupling.
  • Existing research lacks a control theory basis for AWM treatments.
  • Willis coupling in AWM offers inherent control and observability advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reveal inherent control features of AWM based on control theory.
  • To demonstrate the enhanced sensing and actuation capabilities of AWM.
  • To differentiate AWM from conventional active materials using a control-based approach.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Lagrange dynamics formulation to derive governing equations.
  • Developed a control-based structure for piezoelectric-based AWM.
  • Analyzed a simple one-dimensional AWM model with dissimilar masses and a piezoelectric spring.

Main Results:

  • AWM demonstrates superior controllability and observability compared to non-Willis materials.
  • The developed AWM model can simultaneously monitor and control both strain and velocity.
  • Conventional active materials, in contrast, can only measure and control strain.

Conclusions:

  • AWM possess significant potential for advanced monitoring and control applications, such as acoustic cloaking.
  • The revealed control metrics provide a foundation for investigating higher-dimensional AWM.
  • This control-based framework enhances the understanding and application of AWM.