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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction
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3D Crystal Construction by Single-Crystal 2D Material Supercell Multiplying.

Wenhao Li1,2, Jichuang Shen1,2, Yaqing Ma1,2

  • 1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a supercell multiplying method for high-throughput, macroscopic 3D superstructures using stacked 2D materials. This technique enables precise control over crystal orientation for novel artificial materials with tailored properties.

Keywords:
2D/3D integration3R‐MoS₂ artificial crystalhigh throughput 2D stackingnonlinear optical (NLO) crystalssecond harmonic generation (SHG)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • 2D material stacking offers routes to novel periodic superstructures.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on lateral superstructures, with limited exploration of vertical periodicity.
  • Challenges include controlling in-plane crystal orientation and scalable vertical assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a supercell multiplying approach for high-throughput, macroscopic 3D superstructure construction.
  • To enable controllable periodicity along all three axes in artificial 2D material superstructures.
  • To demonstrate the fabrication of centimeter-scale 3D crystals with atomic plane precision.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing wafer-scale single-crystalline 2D materials and substrate orientation as references.
  • Employing a bottom-up stacking process to create artificial 3D superstructures.
  • Integrating amorphous oxides for assembling 3D non-linear optical crystals.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed a centimeter-scale 3R-MoS₂ crystal with over 200 single-crystalline monolayers.
  • Achieved controllable periodicity along X, Y, and Z axes in the 3D superstructures.
  • Demonstrated the assembly of 3D non-linear optical crystals with quasi-phase matching.

Conclusions:

  • The supercell multiplying approach facilitates the bottom-up construction of macroscopic artificial 3D crystals.
  • Precise control over crystal orientation and periodicity enables tailored material properties.
  • This method advances the development of novel artificial materials for various high-performance applications.