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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment
06:42

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

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Increasing phosphorus loss despite widespread concentration decline in US rivers.

Wei Zhi1,2, Hubert Baniecki3,4, Jiangtao Liu2

  • 1The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Hydrologic-Cycle and Hydrodynamic-System of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Phosphorus (P) pollution is a global issue. Deep learning models reveal declining P concentrations in most US rivers, but total P loss is increasing due to rising river discharge, complicating mitigation efforts.

Keywords:
big datachanging climatedeep learningphosphorus losswater quality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Quality
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) loss from land to water causes pollution and threatens food security.
  • Analyzing long-term P trends is difficult due to limited historical data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct temporal trends of total phosphorus (TP) using deep learning.
  • To analyze TP concentration and flux trends in rivers across the contiguous United States (CONUS).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intensive hydrometeorological data and a multitask long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model.
  • Trained the model on data from 430 rivers across the CONUS for daily TP reconstruction (1980-2019).

Main Results:

  • Reconstructed daily records showed declining TP concentrations in 60% of rivers.
  • Urban river TP concentrations declined most, while agricultural rivers saw increases.
  • Despite declining concentrations, total P loss (flux) increased by 6.5% per decade nationwide due to rising river discharge.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning effectively reconstructs historical P trends, addressing data gaps.
  • Effective P control in urban areas contrasts with challenges in agricultural nonpoint source pollution.
  • Increasing river discharge, driven by climate change, significantly complicates efforts to reduce overall P loss.