Comparative thermo- and piezostability study of photosynthetic core complexes containing bacteriochlorophyll a or b

The resilience of biological systems to fluctuating environmental conditions is a crucial evolutionary advantage. In this study, we examine the thermo- and piezo-stability of the LH1-RC pigment-protein complex, the simplest photosynthetic unit, in three species of phototropic purple bacteria, each containing only this core complex. Among these species, Blastochloris viridis and Blastochloris tepida utilize bacteriochlorophyll b as the main light-harvesting pigment, while Rhodospirillum rubrum relies on bacteriochlorophyll a. Through spectroscopic analyses, we observed limited reversibility in the effects of temperature and pressure, likely due to the malleability of pigment binding sites within the light-harvesting LH1 complex. In terms of thermal robustness, LH1 complexes in a detergent environment progressively dissociate into dimeric (B820) and monomeric (B777) subunits. However, in the native membrane, degradation primarily occurs directly into B777 without the intermediate formation of B820. Interestingly, while high-pressure compression of core complexes from Blastochloris viridis and Blastochloris tepida caused significant changes in compressibility around 1.3 kbar and the formation of B777 and B820 subunits upon decompression, no such compressibility changes or pressure-induced dissociation were observed in Rhodospirillum rubrum complexes, even at pressures as high as 11 kbar. This study reveals significant differences in the piezo- and thermal properties of phototrophs containing either BChl a or BChl b, underscoring the critical role of structural factors in understanding the temperature- and pressure-induced denaturation phenomena in photosynthetic complexes. Rhodospirillum rubrum, in particular, stands out as one of the most thermodynamically stable systems among phototrophic microorganisms, capable of withstanding temperatures up to 70 °C and pressures exceeding 11 kbar.