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Related Concept Videos

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
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Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
5.5K
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
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[Aneurysmal bone cyst of a rib].

K Mazanec, B Habanec

    Ceskoslovenska Patologie
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare in ribs, with only 37 cases documented before 1984. This study highlights an unusual case of an aneurysmal bone cyst in the sternal portion of a 13-year-old girl's second rib.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Pediatric Oncology
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare, benign, expansile bone tumors.
    • Rib cage involvement by ABCs is exceptionally uncommon.
    • Literature review up to 1984 documented only 37 cases of ABCs in ribs.

    Observation:

    • A cohort of 21 pediatric patients with ABCs was analyzed.
    • One case involved a 13-year-old female patient.
    • The lesion was identified in the sternal aspect of the second rib.

    Findings:

    • This case represents a rare occurrence of an ABC in the sternal rib.
    • The sternal location of an ABC in a pediatric patient is highly unusual.
    • This finding contributes to the limited data on rib ABCs.

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    Implications:

    • Highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in pediatric bone lesions.
    • May prompt further investigation into the specific risk factors or mechanisms for sternal ABCs.
    • Informs clinical practice and diagnostic imaging protocols for pediatric rib abnormalities.