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Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

Cough Reflex Hypersensitivity as a Key Treatable Trait.

Woo-Jung Song¹, Deepti Vellaichamy Manian², Yeonhee Kim¹

¹Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice

|November 18, 2024

Summary

Cough reflex hypersensitivity is a key target for treating chronic cough. Recognizing it as a distinct disorder, rather than just a symptom, opens new therapeutic avenues for persistent cough.

Keywords:

Cough Hypersensitivity Treatable traits

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Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

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Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurology
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Chronic cough is often a symptom, but cough hypersensitivity suggests a distinct neurological disorder.
Current treatments for chronic cough have limitations, indicating a need for new approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the neurological basis of cough reflex hypersensitivity.
To explore its role as a treatable trait in chronic cough and related conditions.
To propose redefining chronic cough as a disease entity centered on hypersensitivity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of neurological mechanisms of cough.
Analysis of clinical trial evidence for cough hypersensitivity treatments.
Conceptual framework development for chronic cough.

Main Results:

Cough hypersensitivity involves complex peripheral and central neural mechanisms.
Opiates, gabapentinoids, and P2X3 antagonists show efficacy in clinical trials.
Hypersensitivity is relevant in asthma, bronchiectasis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Conclusions:

Cough hypersensitivity is a treatable trait offering new management strategies.
Redefining chronic cough around hypersensitivity could improve patient care and therapy development.