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Pneumococcus-specific immunoglobulin E in cigarette smokers.

J W Bloom, M Halonen, A M Dunn

    Clinical Allergy
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Smokers have higher immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, but not for allergens. This study found that smokers, compared to non-smokers, showed significantly more IgE specific to Streptococcus pneumoniae, suggesting a link between smoking and airway infections.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Respiratory Medicine
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are linked to smoking in epidemiological studies.
    • Existing allergy skin test data indicate that excess IgE in smokers is not specific to common aeroallergens.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if the excess immunoglobulin E (IgE) in smokers is specific to microorganisms infecting the lower respiratory tract.
    • To determine if IgE specific to Streptococcus pneumoniae is more prevalent in smokers.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) assay to detect serum IgE specific for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • Assayed sera from 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers.
    • Defined positive results as IgE binding at least twice the non-specific binding.

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    Main Results:

    • Eleven out of thirty smokers (36.7%) had positive results for pneumococcus-specific IgE.
    • Two out of thirty non-smokers (6.7%) had positive results for pneumococcus-specific IgE.
    • Chi-square analysis showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.02) in the prevalence of pneumococcus-specific IgE between smokers and non-smokers.

    Conclusions:

    • The excess immunoglobulin E (IgE) found in smokers is, at least partially, specific to microorganisms that infect the airways.
    • These findings suggest a potential role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the elevated IgE levels observed in smokers.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the implications of this specific IgE response in smoking-related respiratory conditions.