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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometers01:16

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass.  One common type of ionization, known as electrospray ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Optimal Preparation of Formalin Fixed Samples for Peptide Based Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Workflows
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Postionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Past, Present, and Future.

Xiaokang Guan1, Qiao Lu2, Shuxian Liu1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instruments and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|November 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Postionization techniques enhance mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) by improving ionization efficiency and sensitivity. This overcomes limitations in high-resolution MSI, enabling broader applications in science and medicine.

Keywords:
imagingmass spectrometrypostionizationreviewsampling modalities

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Imaging Techniques

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is crucial for analyzing in situ spatial distributions of analytes.
  • Advancements in MSI are driven by the demand for higher spatial resolution.
  • Direct desorption/ionization methods in MSI face limitations due to insufficient ionization efficiency, hindering high-resolution capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review postionization methods in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI).
  • To discuss how postionization addresses the trade-off between spatial resolution and sensitivity in MSI.
  • To explore the impact of postionization on various MSI sampling modes.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of sampling and ionization steps in MSI.
  • Review of postionization techniques categorized by sampling modes: laser, probe, and ion beam sampling.
  • Analysis of the benefits of postionization in MSI.

Main Results:

  • Postionization significantly enhances ionization efficiency and sensitivity in MSI.
  • It helps mitigate discrimination effects, leading to more accurate analyte detection.
  • Postionization simplifies sample preparation and broadens the applicability of MSI.

Conclusions:

  • Postionization technology is a key advancement for high-resolution and high-sensitivity MSI.
  • It resolves the inherent conflict between spatial resolution and sensitivity in direct desorption/ionization.
  • Postionization offers significant potential for applications in biomedical sciences, materials science, and forensic analysis.