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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

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Scoping Review of Indices to Measure a Community's Health Status.

Susan T Pastula¹, Lauren C Bylsma¹, Saumitra V Rege²

¹EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Population Health Management

|November 19, 2024

Summary

This scoping review identified 8 composite health indices using public data and GIS mapping to assess community health in the US. These indices incorporate diverse indicators, offering potential for broad public health applications.

Keywords:

GIS United States community health epidemiology geographic information system health index

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Informatics
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Background:

Composite health indicators are crucial for evaluating population health and guiding interventions.
Assessing community health requires comprehensive metrics that consider various determinants of health.

Purpose of the Study:

To map the existing literature on composite health-related metrics for community health assessment.
To identify studies developing or using composite health indices with GIS capabilities in the United States.

Main Methods:

A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework.
Searches in PubMed and EMBASE identified US-based studies using composite health indices with GIS for community health assessment at the county level or finer.
Data from 5112 articles were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 8 studies.

Main Results:

The 8 included studies described composite health indices ranging from 4 to 75 indicators (median: 22).
Commonly included domains were health outcomes, behaviors, education, and economics.
Key indicators included high school graduation rate, health insurance status, commute time, income, unemployment, and obesity rates, all sourced from public data.

Conclusions:

Despite a limited number of identified indices, they encompass a wide array of health outcomes and contributing factors.
The use of publicly available data and GIS integration offers significant potential for widespread application in diverse US contexts.
These composite health indices can inform public health strategies and interventions at the community level.