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Evaluating the Vitamin D Deficiency-BPPV Link: Correlation or Causation?

Sanjay Kumar1, Anghusman Dutta1, Kashiroygoud Biradar1

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Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
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Vitamin D deficiency is linked to higher Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) incidence and severity. Supplementation may reduce BPPV episodes and symptoms, suggesting a key role for Vitamin D in vestibular health management.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a prevalent vestibular disorder causing vertigo with head movements.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and BPPV, potentially due to Vitamin D's role in calcium metabolism crucial for inner ear function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Vitamin D levels and the incidence, severity, and recurrence of BPPV.
  • To evaluate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on BPPV outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A year-long prospective cohort study involving 100 BPPV patients.
  • Measurement of Vitamin D levels (deficient <20 ng/mL, insufficient, sufficient).
  • Vitamin D deficient patients received 2000 IU daily supplementation; follow-up assessed BPPV incidence, severity (Vertigo Symptom Scale), and recurrence.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 71% BPPV incidence versus 20% in sufficient levels.
  • The average BPPV severity score was significantly higher in deficient patients (7.5) compared to sufficient ones (3.5).
  • Vitamin D supplementation correlated with decreased BPPV incidence and severity over the follow-up period.

Conclusions:

  • A significant link exists between Vitamin D deficiency and increased BPPV incidence and severity.
  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining vestibular health.
  • Vitamin D supplementation may be a valuable component in managing BPPV, warranting further investigation in controlled trials.