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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

406
The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway
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An extended single-particle model of lithium-ion batteries based on simplified solid-liquid diffusion process.

Wei He1, Tao Han1, Haiqin Song2,3

  • 1Three Gorges Electric Energy Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China.

Iscience
|November 19, 2024
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Summary

A new lithium-ion battery model simplifies diffusion processes, reducing computational load and increasing speed. This simplified model maintains high accuracy for battery performance prediction under various conditions.

Keywords:
ChemistryComputational chemistryElectrochemical energy storage

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Area of Science:

  • Battery Technology
  • Electrochemical Engineering
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for performance optimization and development.
  • The pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) model offers high fidelity but suffers from significant computational complexity.
  • Reducing computational demands without sacrificing accuracy is a key challenge in battery modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an extended lithium-ion battery model with reduced computational complexity.
  • To enhance the speed of battery modeling for faster simulations.
  • To maintain satisfactory accuracy in predicting battery behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Simplification of the solid-phase diffusion process using a three-parameter method.
  • Application of exponential fitting to simplify the liquid-phase diffusion process.
  • Utilization of average current flux to simplify solid-liquid interface current exchange.

Main Results:

  • The proposed extended model significantly reduces computational complexity compared to the full-order P2D model.
  • Experimental validation confirms the model's enhanced speed and satisfactory accuracy.
  • The simplified model performs well under both constant current and dynamic operating conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed extended lithium-ion battery model offers a computationally efficient alternative to the P2D model.
  • The simplifications employed effectively balance model complexity and predictive accuracy.
  • This model is suitable for applications requiring faster simulations while maintaining reliable performance predictions.