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The symphysis pubis. Anatomic and pathologic considerations.

J G Gamble, S C Simmons, M Freedman

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
    |February 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The symphysis pubis, a joint connecting the pubic bones, can be affected by various congenital, infectious, metabolic, inflammatory, and degenerative conditions. Understanding these conditions is crucial for diagnosing and managing pelvic pain and injuries.

    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Pathology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • The symphysis pubis is a nonsynovial joint formed by the union of the two pubic bones, featuring a fibrocartilaginous disc and supported by the inferior pubic ligament.
    • Its cartilaginous end-plates are prominent at birth and thin with skeletal maturity.
    • Congenital anomalies like bladder exstrophy and cleidocranial dysostosis affect symphysis formation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of the anatomy, development, and pathology of the symphysis pubis.
    • To detail the various diseases and traumatic injuries affecting this joint.
    • To highlight the clinical significance of symphysis pubis abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of anatomical descriptions of the symphysis pubis.

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  • Compilation of known congenital, infectious, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases affecting the joint.
  • Categorization of traumatic injuries to the symphysis pubis.

    • Main Results:

    • The symphysis pubis is susceptible to congenital defects, infections (pyogenic, tuberculous), metabolic disorders (renal osteodystrophy, ochronosis), and inflammatory conditions (ankylosing spondylitis, osteitis pubis).
    • Degenerative joint disease can cause groin pain due to instability or abnormal pelvic mechanics.
    • Trauma can result in diastasis, fractures, dislocations, and combined injuries.

    Conclusions:

    • The symphysis pubis is a complex joint prone to a wide spectrum of pathologies, from congenital malformations to degenerative changes and traumatic injuries.
    • Accurate diagnosis and management of symphysis pubis conditions are essential for patient outcomes.
    • The joint's role as a barrier to tumor invasion is also noted.