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The Problem with "Inclusion"? It Is Done to Someone by Someone.

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Summary

This study critiques "inclusion" in Universal Design (UD), finding it reinforces power structures. It proposes "nonclusion" and "nonclusive design" to foster genuine belonging for all individuals.

Keywords:
AccessibilityCategorisationDisabilityInclusionInclusive DesignNonclusionNonclusive DesignNormsUniversal Design

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Area of Science:

  • Design Studies
  • Social Sciences
  • Architecture

Background:

  • Universal Design (UD) aims for equitable environments.
  • The concept of
  • inclusion
  • is central to UD but requires theoretical refinement.
  • Existing research on categorisation and UD highlights limitations in current inclusion models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the concept of
  • inclusion
  • within Universal Design (UD).
  • To propose an alternative framework,
  • nonclusion
  • , and
  • nonclusive design
  • , for UD.
  • To advance the theoretical underpinnings of UD for societal belonging.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive analysis of photographs depicting inclusion and exclusion.
  • Application of theories on categorisation and Universal Design (UD).
  • Conceptual critique of
  • inclusion
  • based on empirical and theoretical research.

Main Results:

  • Inclusion involves categorisation, norm/deviation patterns, and power reinforcement.
  • The paradoxical nature of inclusion can reify existing power structures and marginalisation.
  • Current inclusion efforts may inadvertently perpetuate exclusion.

Conclusions:

  • A shift from
  • inclusion
  • to
  • nonclusion
  • is proposed for UD.
  • "Nonclusive design" resists categorisation of individuals and roles.
  • This paradigm shift can create a more genuinely inclusive society.