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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Pain and development: interacting phenomena.

Katelynn E Boerner1, Neil L Schechter2, Tim F Oberlander1,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia & BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

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|November 19, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood pain significantly impacts child development, influencing brain development and long-term well-being. Understanding this bidirectional relationship is crucial for effective pain management and equitable care for all children.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Pain Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Clinicians and researchers have long recognized the complex interplay between child development and childhood pain.
  • Childhood pain is a dynamic process influenced by biological, behavioral, social, psychological, and environmental factors.
  • Developmental trajectories, particularly in conditions like autism, ADHD, and mood/anxiety disorders, shape unique pain experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine pain as a determinant of child development.
  • To explore development as a key factor influencing a child's pain experience.
  • To investigate the impact of intersectional identities and environments on the development-pain relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual review and synthesis of existing research on childhood pain and development.
  • Analysis of how developmental disorders influence pain perception and experience.
  • Discussion of the role of social, structural, and environmental factors, including intersectional identities.

Main Results:

  • Childhood pain affects brain development, impacting social, emotional, and cognitive well-being into adulthood.
  • Atypical developmental pathways are associated with distinct childhood pain profiles.
  • Intersectional identities and environmental contexts significantly modulate the development-pain nexus.

Conclusions:

  • A developmental perspective is essential for understanding and treating childhood pain.
  • Integrating developmental science into research and clinical practice is necessary for health equity in pediatric pain care.
  • Future efforts should bridge laboratory findings ('bench side') with community-based applications ('curb side') to improve care accessibility for all children.