Rivaroxaban plus aspirin after lower-extremity revascularization

Patients undergoing revascularization of the lower extremities have unacceptably high rates of major adverse cardiac and limb events despite the routine use of antiplatelet therapy. Optimization of antithrombotic therapy provides an opportunity to reduce this risk. Recent large, randomized trials have demonstrated substantial benefit from the combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin compared with aspirin alone. Despite this new evidence, uptake remains limited.

This review will outline the drug profile of rivaroxaban, summarize the key efficacy and safety data for the combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin following lower extremity revascularization, and examine barriers to therapy uptake.

Combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin is the only antithrombotic regimen that has been shown to reduce both cardiac and limb events following peripheral revascularization while maintaining an acceptable bleeding profile. Single and dual antiplatelet therapy have limited randomized evidence for this indication, but are commonly used. An important contributor is the failure of major societal guidelines to incorporate this new evidence. Moving forward, there is an urgent need to update these guidelines. Further evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy will help to inform optimal antithrombotic therapy after lower extremity revascularization.