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Causal relationship between sleep characteristics and thyroid function: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization

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  • 1The First Clinical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.

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This study found no strong evidence that thyroid conditions like hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism cause sleep issues, nor that sleep problems affect thyroid function. Further analysis suggested a possible link between hypothyroidism and short sleep or daytime sleepiness.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Existing research suggests a link between thyroid function and sleep patterns.
  • The direction of causality between thyroid disorders and sleep characteristics remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and sleep characteristics.
  • To determine if thyroid dysfunction influences sleep or vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aggregated genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data for genetic instruments.
  • Employed Mendelian randomization (MR) methods including IVW, MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode.
  • Assessed five sleep traits (chronotype, short/long sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, insomnia) against thyroid function.

Main Results:

  • No causal association was found between the five sleep traits and abnormal thyroid function using IVW and other MR methods.
  • Reverse MR analysis also did not reveal a causal link from thyroid function to sleep traits.
  • However, weighted median and weighted mode methods indicated a potential causal link between hypothyroidism and short sleep duration/daytime sleepiness.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not find evidence for a reciprocal causal relationship between thyroid function and genetically predicted sleep characteristics.
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, with no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity detected.