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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
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Executive control fluctuations underlie behavioral variability in anthropoids.

Farshad A Mansouri1, Rogier A Kievit2, Mark J Buckley3

  • 1Department of Physiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|November 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Trial-by-trial changes in human response time (RT) reflect fluctuations in cognitive control. Prefrontal cortex regions play key roles in this control, with variability linked to decision-making processes.

Keywords:
executive controlintra-individual behavioral variabilityprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Humans exhibit trial-by-trial response time (RT) variability in complex tasks, even with stable task conditions.
  • Increased RT variability is linked to brain injuries, aging, and neuropsychological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between RT variability and executive control fluctuations.
  • To elucidate the role of prefrontal cortical regions in cognitive control and behavioral variability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human electrophysiology and imaging studies.
  • Analysis of neurobiological studies in non-human primates.

Main Results:

  • RT variability is associated with executive control fluctuations.
  • Prefrontal cortical regions have distinct roles in modulating control and behavioral variability.

Conclusions:

  • Prefrontal cortex is crucial for maintaining stable cognitive control.
  • Aberrant decision-making processes may underlie extreme RT variability (both high and low).