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Related Experiment Video

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Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function
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Stakeholder perspectives on non-invasive brain stimulation.

Moritz Julian Maier1, Perianen Ramasawmy2, Johannes Breuer3,4

  • 1Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at the Fraunhofer IAO, Berlin, Germany. Moritz-Julian.Maier@iao.fraunhofer.de.

Scientific Reports
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) offers therapeutic potential but requires regulation for neuroenhancement. This study gathered diverse stakeholder views on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to inform responsible use and policy.

Keywords:
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)Participatory processStakeholder engagementTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurotechnology
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) show promise for research and treating disorders.
  • The unregulated use of NIBS for neuroenhancement in healthy individuals and military personnel raises ethical concerns.
  • The societal impact of NIBS technology necessitates understanding diverse stakeholder perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize stakeholder perspectives on non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) through qualitative workshops.
  • To identify wishes, fears, and comments regarding the application and regulation of NIBS technologies.
  • To contribute to the neuroethical debate on the responsible development and use of NIBS.

Main Methods:

  • Nine qualitative workshops (on-site and virtual) were conducted with 91 participants.
  • Participants represented seven stakeholder groups: patients, students, DIY tDCS users, clinicians, industry, philosophers, and policymakers.
  • Workshops were co-creative and design-based, tailored to each group to gather specific feedback.

Main Results:

  • Stakeholders expressed interest in home-based tDCS under medical supervision as a therapeutic option.
  • Discussions covered technical specifications, performance enhancement for professionals, practitioner training, and agency.
  • NIBS, including tDCS and TMS, show potential as alternatives to medication with fewer side effects.

Conclusions:

  • NIBS technologies like tDCS and TMS have significant potential for therapeutic applications and neuroscientific research.
  • Ethical and societal implications of non-clinical NIBS use require careful consideration for policy and regulation.
  • This participatory research underscores the need for a multi-stakeholder approach to ensure the responsible application of NIBS.